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Recovery Plan for Upland Species of the San Joaquin Valley, California
Contents
. Introduction
. Species accounts
. Recovery
. Stepdown
. Implementation
. References
. Appendix
Appendix B. Glossary of Technical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| achene | a tiny dry fruit with one seed |
| adaptive management | a long-termrepeated process of gradually modifying management techniques based upon the results of modeling and research |
| alkali scald | barren area with a surface crust of salts |
| alkali sink | drainage basin with soil high in soluble salts |
| alluvial fan | fan-shaped area of soil deposited wherea mountain stream first enters a valley or plain |
| apomixis | seed set without fertilization |
| arid | dry |
| auditory bullae | boney capsules containing the middleand inner ears |
| biological niche | all the physical and biologicalfactors required for a particular species to live and its way of living |
| biosystematic study | research that uses evidence fromseveral disciplines to determine the appropriate taxonomic placement and relationship to other species. |
| bisexual | having both male and female parts (said ofa flower) |
| bract | a leaf-like structure that is associated witha flower; may be green or colored |
| brummate | dormancy in animals whose body temperaturevaries with their environment |
| Caltrans | California Department of Transportation |
| calyx | the group of leaf-like structures (sepals)in a flower immediately below the petals |
| CDFG | California Department of Fish & Game |
| chenopod | a plant in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) |
| Ciervo-Panoche Natural Area | natural lands along thewestern edge of the Valley and in the contiguous foothills and coastal range, from the Panoche Hills and Valley, Fresno and San Benito Counties, south to Anticline Ridge near Coalinga, Fresno County |
| ciliate | having stiff hairs along the margin |
| cismontane | west of the Sierra Nevada crest (literallyon this side of the mountains) |
| clumps | groups of cactus pads that are rooted at thesame point |
| COE | Army Corps of Engineers |
| corolla | the set of petals in a flower whether separate or fused |
| crissum | undertail feathers |
| cryptogamic crust | a layer of moss, lichen, and algaeon the soil surface |
| disk florets | tiny tubular flowers that are clusteredin the center of a flower head, like a common daisy |
| demography, demographic | the study of populationswith reference to birth and death rates, size and density, distribution, migration, and other vital statistics |
| ear pinnae | external ear flaps |
| effective dispersal | dispersal of genes |
| Endangered Species Recovery Program | a cooperativeresearch program on biodiversity conservation in central California,administered by California State University, Stanislaus Foundation |
| endemic, endemism | restricted in occurrence to astated site or area (e.g., endemic to California) |
| entire | untoothed or smooth (said of the margin ofa leaf) |
| estrus | periodic physiological state in female mammalsthat immediately precedes ovulation; heat |
| extant | still in exisence |
| eye-spots | rounded structures on cactus pads thatcontain barbed bristles |
| florets | tiny flowers characteristic of the asterfamily |
| forb | broad-leaved herb |
| guild | meaning a group of species with a common needfor a particular habitat or other niche component |
| gular | throat area |
| gynodioecy | a state of certain plant populationscharacterized by a mixture of plants with flowers having only female parts andplants with flowers having both male and female parts (adjective: gynodioecious) |
| habitat protection | ensuring appropriate uses of landto maintain and optimize species habitat values |
| halophyte | plant tolerant of alkaline and salinesoils |
| hemiparasitic | obtaining water and nutrients fromthe roots of other plants then manufacturing food through photosynthesis (noun: hemiparasitism) |
| host plant | the source of water and nutrients for aparasitic plant |
| hydrologic regime | seasonal water cycles andmovements |
| keystone species | species that have key roles inshaping the environment that affects the presence or absence of other organisms; usually the presence of a keystone species leads to a greater variety of species |
| leaf axil | the point where a leaf is attached to astem |
| lips | groups of fused petals that differ inappearance |
| lobes | free tips of flower or leaf parts that arefused at the base |
| matrilineal | tracing ancestral descent through thematernal line |
| matrix projection modelling | a mathematical techniquethat uses life history data to identify critical stages in the life cycle of an organism and project population growth rates (Menges 1986, Schemske et. al. 1994) |
| metapopulation | scattered groups of plants or animalsthat may function as a single population due to occasional interbreeding |
| microhabitat | localized areas with unique conditionsdue to small-scale variations in physical features of the landscape |
| mitigation bank | large blocks of land preserved,restored, and enhanced for purposes of consolidating mitigation for and mitigating in advance for projects that take listed species |
| mosaic | interspersed patches of vegetation eachdominated by a different species |
| occurrences | collection sites separated by 0.4kilometers (0.25 miles) or more |
| pad | the fleshy flattened green stem of a cactus |
| palmate | deeply divided into finger-like segments(usually in reference to leaf shape) |
| phenology | timing of different stages in the lifecycle of a plant |
| pistillate | having only female reproductive parts(said of a flower) |
| playa | a shallow temporary lake that may form inalkali sinks |
| poikilothermic | having a body temperature that varieswith the temperature of its surroundings (cold-blooded animals) |
| polygyny | mating pattern in which a male mates withmore than one female in a single breeding season |
| postpartum | soon after giving birth |
| precinct | area over and around the burrow system ofa giant kangaroo rat in which most activity takes place |
| ray florets | tiny flowers with flattened fused petalsthat occur near the margin of a flower head in a member of the Aster family (e.g., the petals of a common daisy) |
| Salinas-Pajaro Region | areas of the Salinas Riverand Pajaro River watersheds with habitat for kit foxes |
| savanna | a combination of grassland and woodland inwhich the trees are widely scattered |
| scrub | shrubland dominated by shrubs less than 2 meters (6 feet) tall |
| stamen | the male reproductive part of a plant |
| style | part of the female reproductive system of a plant |
| superciliary stripe | a stripe above the eye |
| taxon | a taxonomic unit of any rank, often used torefer to an entity that is considered by some to be a subspecies and others to be a species (plural: taxa) |
| tubercle | a wart-like projection |
| type specimen | the individual plant or animal thatwas the basis for the original description of a scientific name |
| type locality | the site from which a type specimenwas collected |
| umbrella species | a species that lives in many bioticcommunities or has broad habitat requirements that if provided for and protected will protect the habitat of many other species |
| unicuspids | teeth behind the incisors that have asingle main chewing surface (cusp) |
| vegetative reproduction | the production of new plantsfrom sources other than seed (e.g., from cuttings or root runners) |
| USBLM | Bureau of Land Management |
| USFWS | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |
| western Kern County | Elk Hills, Buena Vista Valley,Buena Vista Hills, Lokern Natural Area, and adjacent natural lands |
